Petit Meslier: Nearly Extinct

The Strangest of the Rare

Petit Meslier is an indigenous grape variety of Champagne that almost went extinct. Only a few hectares are still planted, mainly by experimental winemakers who want to preserve the region's heritage.

The story of Petit Meslier is the story of almost all forgotten grape varieties: After the phylloxera catastrophe at the end of the 19th century, Champagne's vineyards were replanted. They chose the varieties that brought the highest yields and ripened most reliably. Petit Meslier failed on both counts, low yielding and late ripening. The decision was purely economic, and it almost wiped out the variety completely.

Character

What makes Petit Meslier special: extremely high natural acidity that even surpasses Chardonnay. Add to that floral, almost perfumed aromas and a green, herbal note. The variety ripens late and is low yielding, reasons why it almost disappeared.

In detail, Petit Meslier shows an aromatic profile that is unique in Champagne:

  • Extreme acidity, Higher than any other approved variety, which practically predestines it for sparkling wine
  • Floral aromas, Linden blossom, acacia, chamomile, almost like an herbal tea
  • Green notes, Freshly cut grass, herbs, sometimes a hint of mint
  • Citrus, More intense than Chardonnay, with an almost bitter grapefruit note
  • Lightness, The wine remains lean and nervous, never heavy or opulent

Why Petit Meslier is ideal for sparkling wine

Paradoxically, the characteristic that makes Petit Meslier problematic as a still wine grape is its greatest strength in Champagne: the extreme acidity. In a sparkling wine you need high acidity, it gives the finished Champagne tension, freshness and aging potential. The second fermentation and the Dosage moderate the acidity, so the end product seems harmonious rather than aggressive.

A Champagne with Petit Meslier content has an electrifying freshness that doesn't fade even after years of aging. That's an advantage no other variety can offer with this intensity.

Cultivation and challenges

Growing Petit Meslier is a test of patience. The variety is sensitive to mildew, susceptible to millerandage (the flowers don't get properly fertilized and don't form grapes) and delivers only low yields even in good years. The late ripening means that in cool years the grapes sometimes don't accumulate enough sugar, although high sugar content isn't necessary for Champagne base wine.

All of this explains why the big houses never bothered growing Petit Meslier. For a négociant producing millions of bottles, a grape variety with unreliable yields makes no sense. But for a grower-Champagne producer making 5,000 bottles a year and striving for uniqueness, Petit Meslier is a treasure.

Where to find Petit Meslier

Most remaining Petit Meslier plantings are in the Côte des Bar and scattered locations on the Côte des Blancs. Some winemakers have deliberately preserved old parcels with mixed plantings where Petit Meslier stands alongside Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc.

In the so-called "Cépages Oubliés" Cuvées from some winemakers, you'll find Petit Meslier as part of an Assemblage of all forgotten varieties. These Champagnes are always limited, often numbered and tell a story of diversity and tradition that has almost been lost in modern Champagne.

Varietal Petit Meslier

Finding a varietal Petit Meslier is like a treasure hunt. But they exist, occasionally bold winemakers produce Cuvées from 100% Petit Meslier. The result is radically different from anything you're used to from Champagne: taut, nervous, almost ascetic, with an acidity that demands your attention. Not a wine for every day, but a fascinating experience for anyone who wants to know what Champagne has to offer beyond the three main varieties.

Future

Petit Meslier will never play a major role, the variety is too idiosyncratic and too difficult to cultivate for that. But as a niche grape variety it has a future. The growing interest in biodiversity, historical varieties and uniqueness works in its favor. Every hectare of Petit Meslier that is preserved is a contribution to Champagne's genetic diversity.

At home I've already tried several Champagnes with Petit Meslier. Every single one was a discovery.

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